Template meta programming.

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Template metaprogramming (TMP) is a metaprogramming technique in which templates are used by a compiler to generate temporary source code, which is merged by the compiler with the rest of the source code and then compiled. The output of these templates include compile-time constants, data structures, and complete functions. The use of templates can be thought of as compile-time polymorphism. The technique is used by a number of languages, the best-known being C++, but also Curl, D, and XL.

Template metaprogramming was, in a sense, discovered accidentally.

Some other languages support similar, if not more powerful, compile-time facilities (such as Lisp macros), but those are outside the scope of this article.

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